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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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1.4    il.6 


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FhotDgFafJiic 

Sciences 
Ccuporation 


23  WIST  MAIN  STRIET 

WIBSTIR,N.Y.  MSM 

(716)  872-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  INAicroreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


0 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I     I    Covers,  da  maged/ 


Couverture  endommagie 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurie  et/ou  peliiculie 


I     I   Cover  title  missing/ 


Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gtegraphiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  inl(  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  blacic)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 


I     I   Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 


Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
Reli4  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  ie  long  de  la  marge  IntArieure 

BlanIc  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  ie  texte, 
mais,  iorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  At  A  fiim^es. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentaires; 


The 
toth 


L'Institut  a  microf  iimt  le  meiiieur  exemplaire 
qu'ii  lui  a  4t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  fiimage 
sont  indiquto  ci-dessous. 


r~|   Coloured  pages/ 


n 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagtes 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaurtes  et/ou  pellicultes 


I — I   Pages  damaged/ 

|~n   Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


The 
poss 
of  th 
filmi 


Origi 

begii 

the 

sion. 

othe 

first 

sion, 

or  ill 


E   Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachettes  ou  piquAes 

□   Pages  detached/ 
Pages  d6tach6es 

0Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

□    Quality  of  print  varies/ 
Quality  inAgale  de  i'impression 

□    includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplAmentaire 


The 
shall 
TINL 
whic 

IVIapi 
diffe 
entir 
begir 
right 
requi 
meth 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  disponibie 

Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partieilement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  6tA  filmtes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meilieure  image  possible. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  rMuction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


J 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


aire 
details 
ues  du 
I  modifier 
ger  una 
I  filmaga 


Tha  copy  filmad  hara  has  baan  raproducad  thanlcs 
to  tlia  ganarosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


Tha  imagas  appearing  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'axemplaire  fiimi  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
gAnirositi  de: 

Bibliothdque  nationale  du  Canada 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  natteti  de  rexemplaire  f ilm6,  et  en 
conformity  avac  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmaga. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  ara  filmad 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  ara  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impre»  ^on. 


6es 


Les  exemplairas  originaux  dont  la  couvarture  en 
papier  est  imprimis  sont  filmis  en  commen^ant 
par  la  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmte  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  darnidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  — ^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaftra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  seion  le 
cas:  la  symbole  —^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE".  le 
symbols  y  signifie  "FIN". 


re 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
filmte  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciichi,  il  est  film6  d  partir 
de  I'angle  sup6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droita, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nicessaira.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrant  la  m6thode. 


y  errata 
>d  to 

nt 

le  pelure, 

9on  d 


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1 

2 

3 

32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

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a.    /C-v^ 


h/  /     (2)LETTER 


/<£» 


TO 


M.   JOACHIM   BARRANDE, 


ON  THE 


TACONIC  ROCKS  OF  VERMONT  AND  CANADA. 


BY 


JULES    MARCOU. 


CAMBRIDGE: 
WELCH,    BIGEL0T7,   AND    COMPANY, 

PBINTKRS  TO  THE  UNIVEBSITT. 
1862/ 


'y. 


I 


i 


,  Vw 


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i^-J.  A-mS.u.. ..iI2^ 


X 


\ . 


L  E  T  T  E  R 


TO 


M.    JOACHIM     BARRANDE, 


ON  THE 


TACONIC  ROCKS  OF  VERMONT  AND  CANADA. 


;i  ! 


Camhridoe,  Massachusetts,  u4ujrM8<  2,1862. 
My  dear  M.  Barkande:-- 

Having  just  returned  from  a  third  exploration  of  the  vicinity  of 
Quebec,  and  a  second  visit  to  Georgia,  I  shall  send  you  in  a  few 
days  by  express  two  boxes,  containing  all  the  Taconic  fossils  that 
I  have  been  able  to  collect  during  the  two  last  years,  and  which 
form  a  part  of  the  paleontological  collection  of  the  Museum  of  Com- 
parative Zoology  at  Cambridge. 

You  may  keep  for  yourself  a  specimen  of  each  species  when 
there  are  duplicates,  and  when  you  have  studied  them,  please  return 
the  collection,  labelled  by  you,  with  your  remarks  and  descriptions 
of  new  species ;  it  will  be  carefully  preserved  here,  as  the  most 
precious  collection  for  reference  and  comparison  in  the  future  study 
of  the  Taconic  System  of  North  America.  I  will  put  in  the  boxes 
all  the  specimens  of  Paradoxides  and  other  Trilobites  found  by 
me  at  Braintree ;  also  the  best  specimen  of  P.  Harlani  ever  found 
there ;  it  belongs  to  my  honored  friend.  Dr.  C.  T.  Jackson,  who 
very  kindly  consents  to  send,  not  only  that  specimen  for  your  in- 
spection, but  all  others  in  his  possession  relating  to  the  T.aconic, 
including  a  specimen  of  P.  Bennettii  of  Newfoundand,  and  a  cast 
of  the  same  from  a  more  complete  specimen.  Dr.  G.  M.  Hall,  and 
Rev.  J.  B.  Perry  of  Swanton,  sent  me  last  winter  a  valuable  col- 
lection of  primordial  fossils  from  that  vicinity,  and,  lastly.  Colonel 
E.  Jewett  of  Albany  contributes  a  rare  collection  of  fossils  from 
some  lenticular  masses  of  limestone  enclosed  in  the  Taconic  slates 


near  Troy  (New  York).  I  should  have  been  deh'ghted  to  send 
you  some  specimens  from  the  author  of  the  Taconic  System,  Dr. 
Emmons,  but  I  have  not  heard  from  him  since  February,  1801 ; 
he  resides  at  Raleigh  in  North  Carolina,  and  no  communication 
is  allowed  or  possible  with  him  at  present. 

The  Geological  Survey  of  Canada  possesses  a  large  collection  of 
Taconic  fossils,  and  I  tried  to  obtain  for  you,  and  in  your  name, 
a  single  specimen  of  a  pygidium  of  Dikelocephalus  magnijicus,  not 
having  been  successful  in  my  search  for  it  at  Point  Ldvis,  although 
I  found  a  large  number  of  the  glabella} ;  but  I  received  so  neat 
a  refusal,  that  I  did  not  dare  to  ask  anything  else.  I  have  already 
told  you  that  we  must  not  expect  any  aid,  material  or  intellectual, 
from  that  quarter. 

I  shall  now  be  able  to  finish  promptly  the  memoir  with  geo- 
logical maps  and  sections  which  I  have  had  in  preparation  since 
last  year,  and  I  trust  it  will  reach  you  before  the  first  meeting  of 
the  Geological  Society  in  November  next ;  so  that,  as  you  will 
have  the  fossils  previously,  you  will  be  able,  on  presenting  ray 
memoir  for  publication  in  the  Bulletin  de  la  Societe  Geologique 
de  France,  to  give  at  the  same  time  your  views  and  remarks  upon 
the  paleontology  of  the  Taconic  rocks.  In  order  to  enable  you 
to  understand  the  stratigraphical  order,  I  send  you  now  a  very 
short  Resume,  with  two  theoretical  sections,  containing  the  correc- 
tions and  important  additions  which  I  have  made  since  the  publi- 
cation, in  November,  1861,of  my  first  ^eswrne,  entitled  The  Taconic 
and  Lower  Silurian  Roclcs  of  Vermont  and  Canada.  (Proceed,  of  the 
Boston  Soc.  of  Nat.  Hist.) 

Explanation  of  Fig.  I.  —  Abstract  section  for  the  vicinity  of 
Georgia,  St.  Albans,  Swanton,  and  Pkilipsburg.  I  have  comprised 
Philipsburg  (Canada  East)  in  the  same  section  with  Swanton  and 
Georgia,  because  the  physical  geology  of  these  different  places  is 
so  connected  and  similar  that  it  is  impossible  to  describe  the  north- 
west corner  of  Vermont  without  referring  to  Philipsburg,  St.  Ar- 
mand,  and  Frelighsburg ;  and,  on  the  other  hand,  Canada  East 
cannot  well  be  understood  without  reference  to  the  discoveries 
made  in  Vermont. 

St.  Albans  Group.  —  The  granular  quartz  and  quartzite  found  in 
semi-stratified  lenticular  masses  at  the  base  of  the  St.  Albans  group 
ought  to  be  included  in  it,  so  that  the  Lower  Taconic  begins  with 
the  Talcose  slates  so  well  developed  east  of  St.  Albans  on  the 


5<1  to  send 
System,  Dr. 
ary,  1801 ; 
nunication 

llection  of 
our  name, 
ijicusj  not 
,  although 
d  so  neat 
e  already 
itellectual, 

with  geo- 
ition  since 
neeting  of 
3  you  will 
enting  my 
Geologique 
larks  upon 
nable  you 
»w  a  very 
;he  correc- 
the  publi- 
he  Taconic 
jeed.  of  the 

vicinity  of 
comprised 
anton  and 
t  places  is 
the  north- 
»,  St.  Ar- 
lada  East 
liscoveries 

}  found  in 
ans  group 
igins  with 
IS  on  the 


I 


Fairfield  road.  This  may  increase  the  thickness  of  the  St.  Albans 
group  one  thousand  or  fifteen  hundred  feet,  but  I  will  retain  the 
number  of  3,000  feet  as  the  minimum  thickness  of  the  group.  The 
lower  part,  with  quartz  veins  and  quart/  masses,  may  be  well  ob- 
served near  the  Georgia  railroad  station.  Tlie  Koojiny  Slates 
are  above,  and  can  be  seen  on  the  line  of  railroad  between  St.  Al- 
bans and  Georgia. 

Another  fragment  of  a  Trilobite,  similar  to  the  one  found  east 
of  St.  Albans,  and  related  to  the  genus  Olentis,  but  not  Avell  enough 
preserved  for  determination,  has  been  found  in  this  group  near 
Franklin,  by  Mr.  Perry.  But  the  most  important  discovery  in 
this  group  was  made  by  Dr.  Hall,  who  found,  in  one  of  the  len- 
ticular masses  of  hard  blue  limestone  at  Highgate  Falls,  the  pygi- 
dium  of  a  small  Bathyurus,  different  from  any  one  yet  described. 
We  must  look  for  further  discoveries  in  that  lenticular  mass  of 
limestone  at  Highgate  Falls. 

Georgia  Slates.  —  I  have  studied  with  the  greatest  pleasure, 
under  the  guidance  of  Messrs.  Perry  and  Hall,  the  new  locality 
of  Olenellus  T/iompsoni  Hall,  01.  Vermontana  Ilall,  Conocepha- 
lites  lettcer  Bil.,  Obolella  cingulata  Bil.,  Orthisina  festinata  Bil.> 
and  Camerclla  antiquata  Bil.,  found  by  them,  shortly  after  my  visit 
last  year,  a  mile  and  a  half  east  of  the  village  of  Swanton,  on  a 
farm  belonging  to  Dr.  Hall,  and  which  I  will  call  Dr.  HalPs  farm. 
The  rocks  are  the  same  as  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Parker,  at  West 
Georgia,  and  the  fossils,  though  not  abundant,  are  found  in  frag- 
ments. I  observed  here  a  new  feature  in  this  group,  which  led 
me  to  remove  higher  up  in  the  series  the  lenticular  mass  of  the 
Redoute  at  Point  Levis.  Two  lenticular  masses,  separated  by  fifty 
feet  of  slates  and  sandstones,  and  composed  of  very  hai'd  blue, 
gray,  and  white  limestone,  are  found  on  Dr.  Hall's  farm,  r.:-ar  the 
middle  and  upper  part  of  the  group.  Fossils  are  common  h-  ilicm, 
and  I  collected  quite  a  number  of  Obolella  cingulata,  Orthisina  festi- 
nata, Conocephalites  Teucerf,  and  a  Lingula  ;  and  I  am  almost  cer- 
tain that  Olenellus  Thompsoni  and  O.  Vermontana  will  be  found 
there,  just  as  they  were  found  in  a  white  limestone  on  the  Labra- 
dor coast  last  year,  by  Mr.  Richardson.  These  two  masses,  which 
J  call  Lenticular  primordials,  because  they  contain  only  primordial 
fossils,  are  not  large,  one  being  40  feet  in  diameter,  and  the  other 
less  wide,  but  more  elongated.  The  last  year's  estimate  of  500 
to  600  feet  for  the  thickness  was  too  high,  and  I  now  reduce 
it  to  300,  as  being  nearer  the  truth  for  the  Georgia  group. 


6 


PhiUpshnrg  Group.  —  The  Georgia  slates  arc  followed  in  regu- 
lar order  by  at  least  1,4*^*'^  feet  of  light  black  slates,  containing,  now 
ami  then,  large  lenticular  masses  of  limestone,  often  called  in  Ver- 
mont Dove  Mtr/Je  or  EoUan  Liineslona  of  Hitchcock.  In  some 
places,  as  at  St.  Albans  Bay,  Smith  Kiln,  and  Swanton,  the  len- 
ticular masses  are  isolated,  and  form  small  domes  or  isolated  hills 
in  the  n)iddle  of  the  slates ;  while  at  Ilighgate  and  Philipsburg, 
the  slates,  on  the  contrary,  are  almost  lost  in  the  middle  of  numer- 
ous very  large  lenticular  masses  of  limestone  closely  packed  to- 
gether, with  only  a  sort  of  network  of  slates  enclosing  them,  and 
forming,  as  it  were,  a  frame  or  border. 

From  the  mouth  of  Rock  Creek  near  Ilighgate  Spring,  as  far 
as  Bedford,  that  is,  for  a  distance  of  ten  miles,  and  two  miles  in 
width,  from  the  lake  shore  to  Four  Corners  on  Moore's  Corner, 
we  have  an  accumulation  of  lenticular  masses  originating  most 
probably  from  mineral  springs  charged  with  abundance  of  carbon- 
ate of  lime,  carbonate  of  magnesia,  and  oxide  of  iron.  This  local- 
ity presents  a  most  interesting  study  to  the  geologist  and  zoologist, 
and  is,  perhajjs,  with  Point  Levis  on  this  continent,  and  Bruska, 
Gross-Kuchel,  near  Prague,  in  Bohemia,  one  of  the  few  favored 
spots  for  the  study  of  that  vexed  question,  so  often  talked  of,  yet 
so  little  understood,  the  origin  of  species.  Yes,  my  dear  M.  Bar- 
rande,  we  have  here  at  Philipsburg  that  curious  phenomenon 
which  you  were  the  first  to  discover  in  Bohemia  sixteen  years  ago, 
and  which  you  are  at  present  engaged  in  defending  against  the 
attacks  of  the  official  geologists  of  the  Austrian  Geological  Survey. 
We  have  what  you  will  call  Colonies  of  the  Second  Fauna  enclosed 
in  the  strata  containing  the  Primordial  Fauna  ;  and  what  I  pro- 
pose to  call  Precursory  Centres  of  Creation  ;  that  is  to  say,  centres 
in  which  the  Creator  has  made  to  appear  forerunners  (avnnt- 
coureurs),  species,  or  generic  types,  which  obtain  their  full  develop- 
ment only  during  the  following  great  period.  Hitherto  the  study 
of  these  lenticular  masses  near  the  boundary-line  of  Canada  and 
the  United  States  has  been  limited  to  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
Philipsburg  and  Four  Corners ;  future  researches  will  no  doubt 
disclose  other  localities  both  in  Canada  and  Vermont.  For  the 
present,  I  have  tried  to  give  on  the  abstract  section  the  part  of 
the  country  between  Philipsburg  and  Four  Corners,  in  following 
the  road  to  Frelighsburg  or  exploring  the  different  paths  which 
lead  to  Eaton's  barn  and  Blanchard's  farm.    At  Four  Corners  the 


I 


I 


ed  in  rejjn- 
aining,  now 
cd  in  Vev- 
In  sonio 
on,  the  len- 
solated  hills 
'hilipsburg, 

of  nuiner- 
packcd  to- 

them,  and 

)ring,  as  far 
wo  miles  in 
re's  Corner, 
nating  most 
e  of  carbon- 
This  local- 
d  zoologist, 
and  Bruska, 
few  favored 
alked  of,  yet 
(ear  M.  Bar- 
phenomenon 
in  years  ago, 
:  against  the 
jical  Survey. 
una  enclosed 
1  what  I  pro- 
say,  centres 
■ners  (avant- 
full  develop- 
to  the  study 
Canada  and 
3  vicinity  of 
ill  no  doubt 
»t.     For  the 
the  part  of 
in  following 
paths  which 
Corners  the 


I 


bliifTs  of  limestone  overlooking  the  houses  contain  a  quantity  of 
Gasteropoda,  mostly  Murchisnnia  Ih/dle  Mil,,  Aftfoptonui  Knlnde 
IJil.,  and  Miclnrea ;  they  are  enclosed  in  a  hard  limestone  and 
very  diflicult  to  obtain,  but  are  very  abundant  and  easily  seen  on 
the  polished  surface  of  the  limestone.  Ascending  the  series,  wo 
come  to  other  lenticular  masses  near  Blancliurd's  farm  containing 
Maclurea,  Uccutwrnphalus,  and  Ortltis ;  then  on  reaching  the  main 
middle  ridge  about  half-way  between  Four  Corners  and  Philips- 
burg,  we  meet  first  on  the  surface  of  the  bluish-gray  limestone 
well-preserved  sections  of  large  Litiiites  and  Orthocenitites.  The 
Lituites  Imperalor  Bil.,  and  /».  Farnnworthii  Bil.,  are  (juite  common 
here,  but  can  only  be  obtained  by  the  laborious  process  of  the  stone- 
cutter. A  peculiarity  in  the  rocks,  which  break  in  a  sort  of  slaty 
way,  is,  that  you  cannot  see  the  JMuites  in  the  limestone,  but  only 
on  the  polished  surface.  Fifty  feet  farther  west  we  meet  a  layer 
of  hard  gray  limestone,  eight  or  ten  inches  thick,  psissing  into  a 
magnesian  limestone  charged  with  a  (juantity  of  oxide  of  iron,  which 
is  easily  decomposed  by  atmospheric  agency.  This  layer,  which 
is  only  known  for  a  space  of  one  hundred  to  one  hundred  and  fifty 
feet,  is  very  remarkable,  because  it  contains  an  immense  (piantity 
of  fossils ;  in  fact,  it  is  a  true  lumachella  of  fJat/ii/nrus  Sitjfbrdi 
Bil.,  Amphyon  Salteri  Bil.,  two  new  species  of  JJikcfoccphalns,  one 
Asaphus,  Nautilus  Pomponius  Bil.,  Cyrtoceras,  Orthoceras,  Me- 
toptoma  Nlobe  Bil.,  M.  Orithyia  Bil.,  Ilolopea  Proserpina  Bil., 
Murchisonia  Vesta  Bil.,  Pleurotomaria  Portunica  Bil.,  Eccxiliom- 
phalus  Canadensis  Bil.,  E.  intortiis  Bil.,  E.  spiralis  Bil.,  Ophileta 
complanata  Van.,  Maclurea  matutina  Hall,  Orthis  Hyppolyte  Bil., 
Camerella  calcifera  Bil.,  crinoides,  and  one  or  two  very  rare 
corals.  Farther  west,  near  Eaton's  barn,  the  Camerella  calcifera 
is  quite  abundant.  Indistinct  fossil  shells  have  been  indicated  on 
other  points  near  the  village  of  Philipsburg,  but  no  other  rich 
localities  for  fossils  have  been  found  in  the  Philipsburg  group 
except  those  indicated  above.  Several  species,  such  as  Camerella 
calcifera,  Murchisonia  Vesta,  Maclurea  matutina,  and  Ophileta 
complanata,  seem  to  appear  in  every  lenticular  mass,  and  to  range 
all  over  the  Philipsburg  group ;  while  others,  such  as  Bathyurus 
Saffordi,  Amphion  Salteri,  Dikelocephalus,  Asaphus,  are  not  only 
confined  to  a  single  one  of  the  lenticular  masses,  but  are  even 
there  found  in  a  sort  of  nest,  or  more  probably  a  true  centre  of 
creation.     Mr.  Billings  has  already  described  or  identified  about 


8 


twenty  species  from  tlic  vicinity  of  Pliili|mburg,  nnd  from  twenty 
to  thirty  remain  imdescribed,  ho  thftt  we  may  aHHimio  lifty  species 
as  the  mimlter  of  fosrtiU  already  found  in  the  ditferent  lenticuhtr 
masses  of  I'hilipsbiirg.  Of  these,  —  two  Dikclucejthnli  and  one 
Menoi'vphulns  beloiif,'  to  the  primordial  fauna ;  tlio  two  Jtatlnjiiri 
may  be  considered  as  belonging  to  a  geims  which  is  common 
to  the  first  and  second  fauna,  nnd  all  the  other  fossils  belong 
to  the  second  fauna  ;  several,  such  as  Camerella  ailcffera,  Madurea 
watutina,  Op/nle/u  complanata,  and  J'Jcculiomphalus  intortns,  pass 
into  the  lower  part  of  the  Champlain  formation  or  Calciferoua 
sandrock.  Tiius  wc  have  hero  lenticular  masses  of  limestone  en- 
closed in  the  Upper  Taconic,  and  containing  precursory  or  fore- 
running species  and  genera  of  the  second  fauna.  These  rocks 
dip  to  the  cast  at  an  average  angle  of  about  25°,  varying  from  lo° 
to  3'>°.  There  are  no  faults,  no  foldings,  no  repetitions  of  strata  ; 
and  the  Philipsburg  group  of  rocks,  instead  of  belonging  to  the 
upper  part  of  the  Calciferous  sandrock,  and  even  to  the  Chazy 
limestone,  which  it  has  been  referred  to  by  Mr.  Billings  in  his 
memoir  entitled,  "0«  some  of  the  liocks  and  Fossils  occurring  near 
Pliilipshurg,  C.  E."  (see  Canadian  Geologist,  August,  18G1,  p. 
310),  is  far  below  the  Potsdam  sandstone,  and  in  the  middle  of 
the  Upper  Taconic. 

Last  year  my  observations  in  Vermont  were  more  especially 
directed  toward  the  St.  Albans  group,  the  Georgia  plates,  and  the 
Red  sandrock,  or  Potsdam  sandstone,  which  were  then  called  by 
Messrs.  Logan,  Hall,  Rogers,  and  others,  Hudson  River  group, 
Oneida  conglomerate,  Medina  sandstone,  and  raetamorphic  Devo- 
nian ;  and,  as  I  remained  only  a  few  hours  at  Philipsburg,  I  adopted 
without  examination  the  opinions  expressed  by  Mr.  Billings,  in  his 
memoir  above  quoted ;  but  a  careful  survey  this  year  has  convinced 
me  that  at  Philipsburg,  as  well  as  at  Point  Levis,  Mr.  BiUings  has 
been  misled  in  giving  explanations,  and  arriving  at  conclusions,  in 
his  paleontological  reseai'ches,  which  are  entirely  at  variance  with 
what  exists  in  nature,  —  an  error  that  would  not  have  occurred  if 
the  paleontologist  of  the  Canada  Survey,  who  does  not  pretend  to 
be  a  stratigraphical  observer,  had  been  better  seconded  by  the  other 
members  of  the  Survey. 

Swanton  Slates.  —  The  Swanton  slates,  so  well  developed  all 
round  the  village  of  Swanton,  are  composed  of  black  slates,  inter- 
stratified,  now  and  then,  with  thin  layers  of  a  marly  limestone  from 


9 


twenty 

nticuliir 

mil  one 

kttfiyiiri 

common 

belong 

laelurea 

H8,  pass 

Icif'eroiw 

tone  en- 

or  f'orc- 

se  rocks 

Tom  li)° 

»f  strata ; 

ig  to  the 

,e  Chazy 

'3  in  his 

ring  near 

18G1,   p. 

middle  of 

especially 
s,  and  the 
called  by 
lev  group, 
hie  Devo- 
,  I  adopted 
ngs,  in  his 
convinced 
illings  has 
elusions,  in 
•iance  with 
accurred  if 
pretend  to 
ly  the  other 

veloped  all 
lates,  inter- 
3stone  from 


two  to  six  inches  in  thickness.  The  color  varies,  and  in  sumn 
places  they  become  browni;*!!  and  griiy.  Their  thiekne-is  cannot 
be  less  than  two  thousand  feet.  IMr.  Perry  has  found  two  fi'inp- 
tolih's  in  tliem  on  tlu;  sliore  of  the  lake  at  I'liilipslatrf^  ;  and  Dr. 
Hall  gave  mo  specimens  of  Gniptolltvs  print  Is  His,  eolleeted  by 
him  at  the  fall  of  the  river  in  tiie  mi»Mle  of  the  village!  of  Swanton, 
where  timy  arc  quite  numerous.  This  discovery  is  important,  l»c- 
cause,  as  we  have  also  the  (i.pristis  from  the  Utica  slates,  it  proves 
that  species  to  be  a  precursor  common  to  the  primordial  and  the 
second  fautue ;  conse((uently  it  is  insullicient  aU)no  to  determine 
the  horizon  of  a  system  of  rocks.  Until  now,  no  lenticular  masses 
of  Umcstone  have  been  found  in  the  Swanton  slates  of  Vermont ; 
but  I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  there  are  such  masses  in  the  State 
of  New  York.  For  instance,  at  Troy,  near  Albany,  thi.'re  are  len- 
ticular masses  of  blue  limestone  enclosct  in  the  Swanton  slates, 
and  which  contain  sporadic  types  or  precursory  species  of  the  sec- 
ond fauna,  as  you  will  see  from  the  collection  made  in  one  of  them 
by  Colonel  Jewett. 

Potsdam  Sandstone.  —  I  have  little  to  add  to  what  I  said  last 
year  of  this  group.  As  I  told  you,  being  the  capping  grouj)  in  the 
overturn  of  the  Taconic  system,  where  it  found  a  point  of  resist- 
ance, such  as  all  along  the  terra  firma  of  the  Adirondack  IMoimtains, 
it  broke  into  narrow,  parallel  bands,  which  have  rested  en  echelons 
uj)on  the  different  groups  of  the  Upper  Taconic.  The  Potsdam 
sandstone  enters  Canada,  and  crosses  the  Frelighsburg  road  at 
Krantz's  mill,  but  does  not  appear  north  of  Missisquoi  County. 

As  regards  what  I  called  last  year  the  Utica  slate  of  Ilighgatc 
Springs,  I  am  inclined  now  to  think  that  tho?<o  slates  do  not  belong 
to  the  Utica  slate,  but  are  included  in  the  Chazy  and  Black  River 
formation.  I  should  say  the  same  of  a  part  of  what  I  thci)  called 
JJtigula  flags  at  Highgate  Springs.  Since  my  visit  of  last  year, 
Dr.  Hall  has  found  in  them  Ampyx  Halli  Bil. ;  and,  from  their 
association  at  Highgate  and  St.  Albans  Bay,  I  think,  with  Dr. 
Hall,  that  they  belong  also  to  the  Chazy  and  Black  River  forma- 
tion, —  that  is,  instead  of  being  contemporaneous  with  the  Lingida 
flags  of  England,  they  are  of  the  age  of  the  Llandeilo  flags. 

Explanation  of  Fig.  II.  —  Abstract  Section  for  the  vicinity 
of  Point  Levis,  Ckandiere,  and  Quebec. 

Chaudiere  aiid  Sillery  Group.  —  The  inferior  part  of  the  Upper 
Taconic  in  the  District  of  Quebec  is  formed  of  red  shales,  sorae- 

2 


10 


times  brown,  olive,  or  even  I)laok,  passiiifr  now  and  then  into  bods 
of  red  sandstone  one  or  two  feet  thick,  and  which  is  entirely  cut  np 
and  crossed  in  all  directions  by  dikes  of  trap  greenstone,  containing 
sometimes  crystals  of  feldspath,  and  l)eing  then  a  true  porphyry. 

There  are  numerous  instances  of  a  sort  of  semi-slratitieation 
in  this  trap ;  but  generally  they  arc  in  dome-shaped  dikes  or 
masses.  Only  one  fossil  has  l)een  found,  as  ycit,  in  the  slates  near 
Chaudiere  l-'alls  by  IVIr.  Richardson  ;  it  is  a  small  Obolelht,  de- 
scribed by  Mr.  Hillings  under  the  name  of  O.  pirfiosa.  The 
thickness  of  the  whole  group  is  at  least  three  thousand  feet.  It 
corresponds  entirely  to  the  St.  Albans  group  of  Vermont,  the  trap 
replacing  the  injection  of  granular  quart/. 

RedoHtc  and  Gihnour  Group.  —  At  Gilmour's  Wharf,  and  on 
the  r()a<l  to  Arlaka,  near  the  Uedoute  or  Lime-kiln  {four  a  chanx) 
of  I'oint  Levis,  there  arc  about  four  hundred  feet  of  green  and 
black  slates,  contaitiing  layers  of  niagnesian  conglomerates,  yellow 
sandstones,  and  fuially  a  large,  lenticular  mass  of  very  hard,  white 
limestone,  which  I  called  last  year  the  Jieffoutc,  or  (piarries  of  the 
Notary  Guay.  The  fossils  foimd  at  the  Uedoute  arc  all  primordial, 
and  many  of  them  new,  as  you  will  sec  in  my  collection  ;  and  I 
consider  it  as  a  lenticular  primordial,  of  almost  the  same  age,  or 
very  littl(^  young«;r  than  the  two  lenticular  primordials  of  Dr.  Hall's 
farm  in  the  Georgia  slates  of  Swanton.  Then,  instead  of  placing 
the  slates,  limestones,  and  magnesian  conglomerates  of  Gilmour's 
Wharf  and  the  Uedoute  in  the  St.  Albans  group,  sis  I  did  last  year, 
I  am  led  to  remove  them  a  little  higher  uj)  in  the  series,  consider- 
ing now  that  group  as  the  ecpiivalent  of,  and  contemporaneous  with, 
the  Georgia  slates  of  Vermont  The  principal  fossils  found  at  the 
Uedoute  are,  Dikclocepludiis  magnijirus  IJil.,  JJ.  planifrons  Bil., 
JJ.nicgalops  liil.,  Conocephditcs  Zenker i  liil.,  liut/iyurus  rapax  liil., 
Monocephahm  Sedgewieki  liil.,  &c. 

Point  Levis  Group.  —  With  the  help  of  two  good  maps,  the  Plan 
of  the  Ifarbor  of  Quebec,  by  A.  Wallace,  1801,  and  the  Plan  de  la 
Ville  iC Aubigny  dans  la  Seigneurie  de  Luuzon,  department  of  Crown 
Lands,  18()2,  1  was  able  this  year  to  follow  out  and  trace  every 
bed  and  layer,  on  the  whole  contour  of  Point  •  Levis,  from  the 
Grand  Trunk  Uailroad  Terminus  to  Indian  Cove ;  and  as  Point 
Levis  is  a  point  of  land  surrounded  by  high  cliffs,  I  feel  satisfied 
that  there  is  no  repetition  of  beds,  and  no  synclinal  axis,  and  that 
the  few  foldings  in  the  strata  of  the  Ferry's  Cliff  are  mere  acci- 


11 


info  beds 
ely  flit  up 
t'oiitaiiiing 
•pliyry. 
•iitificivtion 

dikes  or 
lales  nojir 
olella,  dc- 
mi.     The 

feet.  It 
,  the  trap 

r,  and  on 
(I  chaiij) 
recn  and 
's,  yellow 
trd,  white 
OS  of  the 
"iniordial, 
I ;  and  I 
e  ap;e,  or 
)r.  Hall's 
f  placin*; 
jiilinour's 
last  year, 
eonsider- 
0U8  with, 
id  at  the 
oris  Bil., 
}>ax  IJil., 

the  Plan 
mi  de  la 
f  Crown 
:e  every 
rom  the 
IS  Point 
satisfied 
tnd  that 
re  acci- 


4 


dents,  conllnod  to  a  distance  of  a  few  feet,  and  are  without  any 
efl'ect  U[)on  the  whole  mass  of  s  rata,  hut  are  what  W(^  call  in 
French  strurturc  ploi/i'c  (contorted  hcds).  You  will  ask.  what 
becomes  of  the  discordance  of  stratification  that  I  indicali-d  last 
year,  as  existin{2;  between  the  Rcdoiite  :ind  the  Strafn  dr  Id  trrre 
(fa  Clin'.  Th(M-e  is,  in  truth,  Isere,  as  well  as  at  rhilipsbiirjj;  and 
St.  Albans,  a  dilVerenee  of  direction  between  the  masses  of  slates 
and  the  liuiest«)nes  near  the  contact  of  the  two  rocks  ;  but  I  feel 
assured  now  that  this  diflference  is  due  to  tlu^  <:;lobular  form  of 
some  of  the  lenticular  masses  of  limestone  enclosed  in  the  slates, 
iho  slat(;s  followin}i;  the  direction  of  the  {^lolmlar  mass,  instead  of 
running  in  a  straight  line,  which  gives  to  the  whole,  at  first  vi(!W, 
a  sort  of  discordance  of  stratification  that  in  truth  <loes  not  exist. 

Between  the  lledoiite  and  the  ^(rnfa  ilr  la  frrrc  dii  Ciirr,  then' 
are  about  one  hundred  or  one  hundretl  and  fifty  feet  of  black 
slates  ;  then  we  have  three  lenticular  masses  of  limestone,  sepa- 
rated by  about  thirty  fe»>t  of  slates  intcrstratitiod  with  some  beils 
of  magnesiaii  eongh)merate  and  yellow  saudslone.  These  mass»!s 
are  almond-shaped  and  (juite  flat,  from  ten  to  twenty  I'eet  broad, 
and  one  huntlred  to  one  hundred  and  fifty  feet  long,  and  the  lime- 
stone, although  (piite  hard,  is  less  so  than  at  the  Hedoiite.  Tn 
order  to  understand  the  localities,  \  shall  call  the  first  almond, 
that  is  the  most  easterly  and  the  nearest  to  the  Uedoiite,  Pitrorhial 
Hill,  because  it  is  the  only  one  crossed  by  the  I'arochial  boundary- 
line  between  the  parishes  of  Notre  Dame  and  St.  .loseph.  The 
second  shall  be  called  Middle  Jlitl,  while  the  third,  which  is  the 
broadest,  and  close  by  the  houses  of  the  village,  shall  be  called 
Croats  Hill,  because  a  consi)ieuons  Temperance  Cross  has  b(!en 
erected  on  it. 

The  limestone  of  Parochial  Ilill  contains  numerous  fossils,  espe- 
cially Jiaflnjurus  Saffhrdi  Hil.,  li.  Cordai  Hil.,  /i.  bitubercidatns 
Hil.,  li.  ohloiKjKS  Uil.  ;  Ariuiicllus,  n.  sp. ;  /'Jccidiomplialiis  Cana- 
densis \V\l.,  K  intorfiis  Hil.  ;  Plciirofoinaria  rarfrans  Mil. ;  7'.  Pos- 
tnima  Bil.;  Mvtoptoma  Iliine  Uil.,  M.  Aiajiista  \V\\.\  Camnrl/a 
ndci/i'ra  Bil.,  Ijcpla'aa  sordida  Hil.,  A.  deii/ticns  Hil.;  Oiiliis  fjcni- 
viirula  Bil.,  O.  TriU)))la  Bil.,  O.  Plertra  Bil.,  O.  //i/>p,>l,/fe  Bil., 
0.  /'Jiiduria  Bil.;  Strickland ia?  Aravlinc  Bil.,  which  indicates  a 
centre  of  creation  or  /jentirular  precursors  of  species  of  the  seciond 
fauna  enclosed  in  the  primordial  zone,  analogous  and  most  certainly 
eontemporaneous  with  the  lenticular  precursors  of  the  I'hilipsbnrg 
group. 


12 


The  limestone  of  the  Middle  Hill  contains  also  numerous  fossils, 
some  identical  with  those  found  at  Parochial  Hill,  such  as  liathy- 
urus  Saffordi  and  Camerella  calcifera,  and  some  new  species,  such 
as  Ghcirurus  Apollo,  Illcenus,  Asaphus,  and  several  Orthoceratitcs 
undescribed.  The  whole  indicates  a  centre  of  creation,  or  colony 
containing  precursory  species  and  prophetic  types  and  genera  of 
the  second  fauna.  At  Cross  Hill  I  found  only  Camerella  calcifera, 
but  probably  other  species  will  be  found  there  also. 

I  have  taken  the  greatest  care  to  ascertain  that  these  three  hills 
are  really  lenticular  masses,  and  are  not  a  repetition  of  each  other ; 
that  they  arc  independent,  although  belonging  to  the  same  subdi- 
vision of  the  Point  Levis  group,  which  I  shall  continue  to  call 
Strata  de  la  terre  du  Cure,  We  have  here,  as  at  Philipsburg, 
about  fifty  species,  and  several  of  them  are  identical  with  those  of 
the  latter  locality.  Two  or  three  of  the  Terre  du  Cure  species  are 
primordial,  while  all  the  others  belong  specifically  or  generically  to 
the  second  fauna.  When  you  have  received  the  boxes  of  fossils, 
you  will  be  better  able  than  I  am  to  give  a  correct  list  of  them  for 
each  of  the  different  lenticular  masses. 

The  strata  of  the  2Wre  da  Cure  are  about  five  hundred  feet 
thick.  Succeeding  them  is  a  group  of  slates  containing  numerous 
layers  of  marly  limestone  and  conglomerate.  In  the  cliff  near  the 
Ferry  are  found,  besides  numerous  compound  Graptolidce,  the  fol- 
lowing fossils :  Obolella  desiderata  Bil. ;  Lingida  Irene  Bil.,  L.  Que- 
lecensis  Bil.,  and  Shumardia  gramdosa  Bil. ;  an  ensemble  more 
nearly  related  to  the  primordial  than  to  the  second  fauna.  These 
rocks  have  a  thickness  of  about  five  hundred  feet ;  they  form  the 
most  northern  part  of  the  cliff  of  Point  Levis  opposite  Quebec,  and 
are  seen  with  their  Graptolidce  on  the  island  of  Orleans,  near  the 
village  Montcalm.  I  shall  call  them  Strata  of  the  Ferry's  Cliff, 
and  consider  them  with  the  Strata  of  the  Terre  du  Cure  as  forming 
the  Point  Levis  group,  and  the  whole  as  contemporaneous  with  the 
Philipslmrg  group  of  Vermont  and  Missisquoi  county. 

Quebec  Group.  —  The  city  and  citadel  of  Quebec,  and  the  plain 
extending  between  the  city,  Beaupoi't,  Charlesbourg,  and  Indian 
Lorette,  is  formed  by  a  great  group  of  black  slates,  sometimes  gray 
and  even  reddish,  containing  now  and  then,  but  more  especially  at 
the  base,  numerous  layers  of  blue  limestone.  Boulders  of  lime- 
stone of  quite  a  large  size  may  be  seen  in  the  slates,  as  at  Mountain 
Street,  in  the  interior  of  Quebec.    These  rocks  are  almost  destitute 


13 


In 

In 


tn 


of  fossil  remains;  but  Mr.  Richardson  has  found  at  the  Isle  of 
Orleans  GraptoUtes  pristis  His. ;  the  same  that  has  been  found  at 
Swanton  Falls,  which  is  common  also  in  the  Utica  slates.  I  regard 
the  Quebec  group  as  contemporaneous,  and  representing  at  Quebec 
the  Swanton  slates  of  Vermont ;  although  they  appear  to  be  more 
developed,  having  at  least  a  thickness  of  2,400  feet. 

Potsdam  Sandstone.  —  The  Potsdam  Sandstone  does  not  exist 
in  the  District  of  Quebec,  and  I  did  not  see  a  single  trace  of  it 
north  of  the  Grand  Trunk  Railroad  from  Richmond  to  Montreal. 
Probably,  if  these  rocks  were  ever  deposited  in  that  region,  not 
finding  any  point  of  resistance  close  by,  as  in  the  Adirondack 
country,  they  slipped  under  all  the  other  strata  in  the  overturn  of 
the  Taconic,  and  have  been  entirely  concealed  from  view  by  the 
succeeding  groups. 

My  first  impression,  published  from  my  old  manuscript  notes 
of  1849,  in  our  memoir  On  the  Primordial  Fauna  and  the  Taconic 
St/stem,  with  regard  to  the  Champlain  or  Lower  Silurian  rocks 
found  northwest  of  Quebec,  which  form  a  narrow  band  running 
from  St.  Anne  to  Montmorency,  Beauport,  Charlesbourg,  and  In- 
dian Lorette,  is  the  right  one.  These  rocks  have  been  deposited 
horizontally  upon  the  very  much  inclined  Upper  Taconic  strata, 
as  can  be  seen  in  several  places  at  Beauport,  Charlesbourg,  and 
Petit  Ruisseau  ;  the  subsequent  denudation  and  upheaval  has 
formed  chasms  in  the  soft  gray  shales  of  the  Quebec  group,  more 
especially  near  their  contact  with  the  quartzite,  as  at  Montmorency 
Falls  and  Indian  Lorette,  into  which  the  Lower  Silurian  st-i.ta 
have  slipped  and  been  in  this  manner,  as  it  were,  boxed  up  and  pre- 
served from  the  following  great  denudations  which  have  swept  away 
a  great  part  of  that  formation  in  the  valley  of  the  St.  Lawrence. 

The  section  of  Montmorency  Falls  shows  a  fine  example  of  this 
slipping  of  the  Silurian  rocks,  but  the  denudation  caused  by  the 
fall  has  already  reached  the  contact  of  the  Silurian  strata  with  the 
Taconic  slates,  and  the  water  at  the  foot  of  the  fall  passes  now 
under  the  Trenton  limestone. 

As  you  may  see  from  what  precedes,  I  consider  the  second  view 
taken  by  the  Geological  Survey  of  Canada  to  be  as  erroneous  as 
the  first  one,  and  entirely  at  variance  with  the  facts  as  they  exist 
at  Quebec.  Obliged  to  reply  to  the  publication  of  your  letter  of 
August  14,  1860,  and  my  additional  notes  upon  the  vicinity  of 
Quebec,  Mr.  Logan  endeavored  to  throw  all  the  blame  upon  the 


14 


paleontological  views  of  Mr.  James  Hall ;  and  in  his  incomprehen- 
sible letter  to  you,  written  December  31,  1860,  ten  days  after  his 
reception  of  our  memoir,  to  which  he  carefully  avoids  any  allusion, 
in  order  to  shield  the  blunder  of  Hudson  River  group  and  metamor- 
phic  Upper  Silurian  and  Devonian,  he  has  recourse  to  a  break  with 
an  overlap,  complicated  with  fault,  synclinal  and  anticlinal  axis,  un- 
intelligible lettered  outcrops  or  so-called  outcrops,  diving  apparatus 
to  explore  the  bottom  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  —  in  fact,  he  calls  to 
his  aid  all  the  most  complicated  phenomena  of  disturbance  pre- 
served in  the  arsenal  of  dynamic  geology,  candidly  believing  that 
an  official  geologist  may  reconcile  incorrect  observations  and  false 
theories  by  using  big  words  and  technical  expressions. 

I  should  not  have  recalled  the  mistakes  of  Mr.  Logan,  if  that 
geologist  had  not  published  a  sort  of  contradiction  of  my  observa- 
tions, in  a  little  memoir,  entitled  "  Considerations  relating  to  the 
Quebec  Group,"  &c.,  (see  Canadian  Geologist,  May,  1861,)  in 
which  he  gives  two  most  fantastic  sections,  —  calling  quartzite, 
gneiss ;  a  slip,  a  fault ;  a  regular  superposition,  an  overlap ;  the 
Swanton  slates,  Hudson  River  shales ;  sandstone  of  the  Cham- 
plain  group,  Potsdam  sandstone,  &c.  Besides,  in  a  new  paleon- 
tological memoir  just  published  (June  6,  1862)  under  his  direction 
as  Superintendent  of  the  Geological  Survey  of  Canada,  Mr.  Billings 
has  taken  pains  to  give  new  lists  of  fossils  from  what  he  calls 
limestone  No.  1  and  No.  3  of  Point  Levis,  in  which  he  gives 
names  of  species  common  to  Nos.  1  and  3,  contrary  to  my  conclu- 
sions of  last  year,  that  I  found  no  mixture  whatever  of  fossih  of 
the  second  fauna  in  the  lenticular  primordials  of  the  Redoute. 

Mr.  Billings  says :  "  I  have  never  visited  the  locality  of  the 
limestones  at  Point  Levis  but  once,  and  that  was  a  few  days  after 
the  Trilobites  were  collected.  On  that  occasion  I  found  very  few 
fossils,  and  made  no  attempt  to  study  the  stratigraphy  of  the  place, 
which  is  much  complicated."  Notwithstanding  that  declaration, 
Mr.  Billings  maintains  his  imaginary  divisions  of  limestone,  Nos.  1, 
2,  3,  and  4,  and  proceeds  at  length,  drawing  conclusions  for  the  syn- 
chronism of  the  Point  Levis  limestones.  Fearing  that  my  first 
unsuccessful  attempt  last  year  to  understand  the  explanations  of 
Messrs.  Logan  and  Billings  might  be  my  own  fault,  I  tried  very 
hard  this  year  again  when  at  Point  Levis,  but  with  no  letter  suc- 
cess ;  and  I  left  Point  Levis  fully  convinced  that  the  fossils  de- 
scribed by  Mr.  Billings,  and  the  so-called  outcrops  A^,  A3,  A4,  etc. 


en- 
his 
on, 
or- 
ith 
un- 

itUS 

to 
(re- 
hat 
ilse 

hat 
va- 
the 
in 
;ite, 
the 
am- 
!on- 
tion 
nga 
alls 
ives 
clu- 
''Of 

the 
fter 
few 
ace, 
ion, 
5.1, 
iyn- 
first 
s  of 
rery 
suc- 
de- 
etc. 


15 

In  passing  „,„„,,  jj^ 
Gool„g,e„,  Survey,  „„j  ,„,,  „       ™'      ">»  PuHio  Maseum  of  ,,,« 
2, 3.  and  „„.er„p.  A,  A„  A.,  "L    17™'  ""'f  ^'•"•«'™o  Nos.  1, 

containing  specfe,  c^JoXVl  iTJT^  '''  "'■  ^Hings  a 
of  -pecraen,  had  been  made  and  n^    ,     , '  ^  '""  """  »  ""-"nre 
ber  o    .,,e  Survey,  „i,„  «      ^etrjet'f  '"T"''"^  »  "»■■ 
I  finally  obtained  the  answer,  tluLT''^^''^'' S™""!  in  ''•''H 
containing  fesil,  „„■;„.       '  "f '  , '"  ^•'™'«  '™  not  k„„„„  ^ 
far,  that  Limestone  N„  ,  JZf       7  ""''  ^""'cations  of  ia!^ 
feet  in  diameter,  found    y  LonT'    ''  T  °"'^  »  *°"'*'--   ™ 
Kcdouteand  the  K,«  rf/o^ /„ „" L™"""?'  ^°"  """ween  the 
bouldor  is  very  rich  in  Trilobites'  Z,l  T  '^°  """"'-'"■'"•    ^liat 
•hem.    I,  eame  wi.l,„„.  ^.^^^  " '"'"o''  »  complete  mass  of 
pomt  out  the  exact  spot  from  wl«  it '  af  f  °"r '  """  '  '"»  «<"»' 
Jr  ''^''"  carefully  e„|,ee,ed,  and  the  ,7',       "'"'  '"''•"""'  "f'' 
Mttseum,  with  the  e«epti„„  of  a  few  11*  "  P™'"^™"  -  the 
tenbuted  in  the  United  States  atl  nTTV"""  "™  "'cn 
geoJog„t«  than  ourselves.     But  „  ° ,  "«'""''•  '"  -"e'-c  favored 

<.e  Limestone  No.  S,  or  outf^;!   wJrr'  ^^  '""■  »enMers , 
W^t««  scattered  over  the  Terl  7  C  °       "'  ""  *"«'*-  »■• 
'f-t  No.  3  as  well  as  No.  1  „aC  fr^  fClT  '  ""  ""'  "<»"" 
V^"-^  very  „a.„ra||^  .^^  «^  ™!,  ^  ,       "*'""  '  "'"c'-  ex- 
Nos.  I  and  3.    Thus  you  sre  «!^       ""'''^  "^  *eeies  between 
of  Point  Levis  was  eotl^tld  ^y^J^ '"  r"''}  «-  exploration 
"""  '«   fa  not  strange  that  we  could  n  f  ^°*°"*  "f  Canada, 
planations.  e  couid  not   understand   their  ex- 

I  liope  this  statement  will  be  nf  „ 
future  .ore  care  and  application  t^uZV^^'f  ""'  ^"^  ^'^^^  ^ 
of  Canada,  by  those  intrusted  by  t,.  "^'""  *''^  geology 

-''h  the  duty  of  exploring^'  'en  '    ^""""'"^  «^  ^'^^  ^olofy 
ture  and  its  mineral  wealth  ^    ''"^  "^^'^  ^^^  S^^^ogical  struck 

Very  truly,  your  friend, 

JULES  MARCO U. 


i 


§ 


Lel.trl     t.o    1 


COMEARATIVE  TABFLiUl  SECTIONS  OF  ' 

IN  VERMONT    AND  LOW 


Fil^.  1.    Abstract  Section  for  th^  vn'mity  nf  nt-«r0]H., 

S''  AlhiiTu^  .jwa'ntoii  and  rhi.lirishiii !'» . 


Bj  Jules  Afercou. 


I'hi'  Chainplujii  rods  (EmiTiT)iir,),or  Criinhruin  rtick,':;  ( ;jnd"(^wick), or  Lower:  lojlunarL  roclcs  ("Mi 


POTNUAAI 

:u>o  /'f 


SWANTON 
SI.ATKS.     { 


PHILIPSBCRG 

GROUP.         \ 

/40ff  ff 


GEORGIA 
SLATES. 


Doloraitic  conglomerate 
Red  sand.'jluae . 

Doloimt.e  . 


I 


Q 


.Slat p.','  witli  (Jriif/f4>/t'J/r//s jt/rf'.v/^ls' 

f  oWfHit.on'.'.;   fnll.'i)  PracurHor  !  • 


^=^^  iTfYr/'/4j////re/s  (  PhilipslDurg  s   sltore 


jenticu-TsLi-  PreciojKSors . 


y  Lenticular  Precursors . 
L exvti cijilax  PTecursors. 

L  enti  cxil  ox  Pre  cut  s  or  s  . 
LerLticular  Precursors. 


Yi 


^'    } 


Lenticular  rmaordials Xfllro/iil/M  .  Tl 

(fle/if//i/s  T/totir/fsofli ,  etc .     \0rUu'suM^. 
Lenticular B-iiTLordials.  &  G 

CJirotti/^Yes,  OM^irnM  ra*l4ir.fa  ■■ 

YelLow  sard  stone  vnlXv  tf/wl^//i/ ■ 


Lt^'t'i   *•*'  ^'l  .lo.Mcluiii   IV.uinrlo  Pii  Uif-  Tacfjiuc  ruck^j   ol   VeniiujU,  uiuL  Ciiujcifi 


TIONS  OF  THE  UPPER  TA(  ONIC  ROCKS 

AND  LOWER   CANADA, 

y  Jules  Afarcou. 

'ambriclpe.AuPusl  Z'^IBfi?,.  Tl^. 'i^.  .'\})Kti-.irt   r;ec;Uon  for  Mip  vicinrtf  ol  Pnnitt^  Lpti.^, 

jwer  'jjluriavL  rocks  (Murchi. son),  overlie  thr;  Tacoiue  .vAiata  m  diacordcinc^'  ot  Ktratiiication.. 

nerate 


f\n  Ux  f'4>rn>€'eiiffi4t//'/€:*' 


POTSDAM 
SANDSTOHTK 


QlTEBKt:    ^ 


)  Prt) cursor  !  • 


nlipshurc  s   sliore 


jKSors 


ursors 


Mot.  .setMi  N  01  ill    of  Misaisqiioi  CounLy 


"■-a'-i  ■■■'iam; 


-I"       I       ■  T"   T- 


■  _  ■  ,-1- 


g;J..«^lL  L 


:r  I   T".L 


J^ L^ 


■i-ruT 


zz: 


^^";^7=T 


Oi'cliais \(H,0i4t//M  .  hedoittr 

w///,  etc.     {(frUusuia.  'uaj'"*^  ax. 

-343  &G1LM0UR 


S^ 


r^ 


'III 


1 — r 


(oloiiie    ^"'^f*'^''^^^  ra/ri/tVit. 


rTio-  ■  '„"'"„   .JiJ.i!-!R,    . 


Prunordiala.      g^S^^^^s         "'^ 


t'f   Orleijiio   l.-.l and) 
Fj  tcnrsor! 


(Mountain  stieet  jn  t.lif.- 
Cily  of  Quebec) 


C'ongloruerale. 
(>/fot4'//tf   (/c'sit/crfr/ft . 

Compuuiid  f,'n*/>Ui////^t' 

fPohiLe  J,e\nr.-i  and  Orleaiia 
island .,) 

SJut/fia/r/j^i . 


Magneaiaa  con  glomerate 
Croo  s  hill .{ i,  entmul  ar  Pr  eciu'sors' 

Mi(idJelnJ[r(Lentir;ulai-Pi-ecm-sors; 
tJaiidstOTie . 

Pai'ooliiallijJl  ( LenUc.Prenuxsors' 


Sands;  tone 

LcloTtuUc  coatflornerate  . 

o 


tVi/y^/n//'//'.i  I  lU] sv: our ' !=.  wai-f 


VniMPSJllTliG 
r.KOlTP.  V 


Mar/t/n'ii.' 


SIjVTE.S, 


ST  ALBAXS 
GROUP. 


Miifv/tfWo/ffa .  (//t/u'/i'Af  .  fO-//i/'.s- 


\t^ 


Lt'ii.t.LCular  I'reciiriiora  . 
l.i'iil  iiMilur-  PTf-f^iir.sorrt 
L, fe n 1 1 ( : n  1  ar   Pie mu" .s or fi 


H 


,       .         I        .,  T      1  {(iumityf/ut//'/fs. 

I.PTilicul'U"  PriMiordial-s \iH»oM/a 

(Hfiit'/ZttJi  7'/ft>/f//'.-f>fff  ,  ^Ic  ■     yOrf/if'smu  . 

i.eiiliculrir  Priiiutrdial.s . 
('//fVffi//A's,  (f///a////iir  rut//i//ff  ■ 

Yellow  .'ianci.sUaiP,  vvtlh  tf/'t//^//// . 
Mild  tinfu'fi'f/tf  iittftf/t/tf/if . 


c 


LeiilKnilar  mua.:  nf  very  hard  blue  "' 

liiueHloiie  c(jnLainin(5  Ra/Jii/u/'i/s A\..  s^. 


{?/i'/r//.s-  f  SL.Albmis  and  Ti-anJdiu.) 


Roof  in  6    Slates 

o 


THAI 

&  SILLET 

J(ft) 


Slates  witlL  cpitutz  vein.s 
\and  seini-sti-atified.  masses 
of  c£Liart7. 


S emi- stiati.fi ed  mass  o£  Qaaitz,  Quartzite,  coiigloTiierate  ,Talcose  slates,  Cnstalline 

LnnestoiLe,  Slates,  etc. of  tlie  Lower  Taconic  . 


J  WTarroTL  del 


Uijora 


r.sorrt 


1     ,  \ti"fft*yVu///'/f.v. 

■t>///,elc.     \Or//u.iiHa. 

//////  nft//if/a  : 

"/ff/ffff^f Z^'? 


&  CIILMOITR 
GROUP. 


very  htird  lihie 


1)  s  and  "Fi'anJdaiL.'i 


5  . 


rHAUDIEHE 
&  SILLERY  GROirP.{ 


3i 


u-tz  vein.s 
ified.  masses 


111! '•  ..IS'!.".  ..iiiil  (,>rle;ju. 


i.ilmu.i 


S/ij$/tttHi/ni 


M  apnea  i«a  con  glomerate 

Ci-03s  h.ill.{I.Rntrf;alnvIJreciii"soiy) 

MiddJe-hill'('''ntu.'iilni-  Precursors 
JjmidatoT.ip 

F'HioclualliiH  (liC'iitic  Prucurnors] 


litmnr/t/iir/f'/i'x/fiit'/Anv/'/itt/m 
Ah'f/t'i  vyj/m ///.*.  /it//////i/n/^:i'/r. 

.'JcJ  luliil.ijrK' 

Dolornitjr  coiifJlouieratc 


i'/i/yt/nM^V  ^  Gilniour's  wai-IJ 


"    I    ■  I —    Sand;.; !.oti e 


Sandst-orio 


^  ('Cliaudnere's  bnd^e 
\ Grand  Ttuj*  R.  P^"" 


CiT-stalliTie    liine s to ae,  SJ a Les,  Qua rtzite,  Copper  pyrites   of  Acton  vale, 
conpioTnerate,  etc.  of.  tJie  LoTver  Taconic 


J  Mnver  4  Co  3  l.iOi    Boston 


i\ 


It 


■If 


<i 


BY  THE  SAME  AUTHOR. 


Oeolofflcal  map  of  the  World,  eir'^it  Rheeta,  folio.  Wlnterthnr 
(Switzerland).  1861.  Jolin  Wuritcr  &  (  o.  Paris  :  J.  Rotiiscliild,  14 
Rue  de  Baci. 

Oeolovy  or  North  America,  with  tliree  Geological  Maps  and 
Seven  Plates  of  Fossils.  4to.  Zurich  and  Paris.  1858.  F.  Klincksieck, 
1 1  Rnu  de  Lille.    Boston :  Little  and  Drown. 

A  Geological  map  of  the  United  States  and  the  British 
Provinces  of  North  America,  svo.  Boston.  1853.  Gould 
and  Lincoln. 

Lettres  snr  les  Roches  du  Jura  et  leur  distribution 
ff^ographique  dans  les  deux  hemispheres,  with  Maps. 
8vo.    Paris.     1860.    F.  Klincksieck,  1 1  Rue  de  Lillo. 

Dyus  et  Trias,  ou  le  nouveau  irr^s  rouge  en  Europe, 
dans  rAm^rique  du  Nord  et  dans  l*Inde.  8vo.  Ge- 
neva (Switzerland).    1859. 

Sur  Ic  ]IV£ocomien  dans  le  Jura  et  son  role  dans  la 
s£rle  stratigraphique.    With  Plate.    8vo.    Geneva.    1859. 

Letter  on  some  Points  of  the  Geology  of  Texas,  New^ 
mexlco,  Kansas,  and  Nebraska.   Svo.    Zurich.    1858. 

On  the  Primordial  Fauna  and  the  Taconic  System. 

By  J.  Barrande.    With  additional  Notes,  by  J.  Mabcoc.    Svo.    Bos- 
ton.   1860. 

The  Taconic  and  Lower  Silurian  Rocks  of  Vermont 
and  Canada.    8vo.   Boston.    I86i. 

Notes  on  the  Cretaceous  and  Carboniferous  Rocks  of 
Texas.    8vo.    Boston.    1861. 

Observations  on  the  Terms  "P£n6en,*'  "Permian," 
and  "Dyas."    8ro.    Boston.    1862. 


m 


